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#! /usr/bin/env perl
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#! /usr/bin/env perl
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# Script does an snmp walk through the ports of one or more network
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3 |
# Script does an snmp walk through the ports of one or more network
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# switch, gathering MAC addresses assigned to each port.
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4 |
# switch, gathering MAC addresses assigned to each port.
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| 5 |
#
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5 |
#
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# requires snmp running on this machine. Also uses YAML::Tiny perl module
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- |
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# under debian and derivatives, use the following command to install
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# apt-get -y install snmp libyaml-tiny-perl
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- |
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| 9 |
#
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- |
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# It then does an snmp walk through the arp table of one or
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6 |
# It then does an snmp walk through the arp table of one or
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| 11 |
# more routers to determine IP and DNS entries for the MAC address
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7 |
# more routers to determine IP and DNS entries for the MAC address
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| 12 |
#
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8 |
#
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# Information gathered is stored in persistent storage (a yaml formatted file
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# Information gathered is stored in persistent storage (a yaml formatted file
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# in the same directory), then reloaded at the next start of the program.
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10 |
# in the same directory), then reloaded at the next start of the program.
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# As new entries become available, they are added. A time stamp
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# As new entries become available, they are added. A time stamp
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# records the last time an entry was "seen"
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12 |
# records the last time an entry was "seen"
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13 |
#
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| - |
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14 |
# requires snmp running on this machine. Also uses YAML::Tiny perl module
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15 |
# under debian and derivatives, use the following command to install
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| - |
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# apt-get -y install snmp libyaml-tiny-perl
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| 17 |
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17 |
#
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| - |
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18 |
#
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| 18 |
# Data is stored in the hash %switchports with the following structure
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19 |
# Data is stored in the hash %switchports with the following structure
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| 19 |
# %switchports =
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20 |
# %switchports =
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# {switch} (from $config{'switches'} key)
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21 |
# {switch} (from $config{'switches'} key)
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| 21 |
# {name} (scalar, from snmp)
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22 |
# {name} (scalar, from snmp)
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# {location} (scalar, from snmp)
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23 |
# {location} (scalar, from snmp)
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# {connection} (uniqe id from snmp, basically the MAC)
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26 |
# {connection} (uniqe id from snmp, basically the MAC)
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| 26 |
# {mac} (from snmp walk of switch)
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27 |
# {mac} (from snmp walk of switch)
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| 27 |
# {ip} (from snmp walk of router)
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28 |
# {ip} (from snmp walk of router)
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| 28 |
# {hostname} (from reverse dns query)
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29 |
# {hostname} (from reverse dns query)
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| 29 |
# {lastseen} (last time this was active as unix timestamp)
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30 |
# {lastseen} (last time this was active as unix timestamp)
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#
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# Uses two external files, both in the same directory as the script
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# mapSwitches.config.yaml - Configuration file. See makeConfig.pl.sample for documentation. This can be created if you, like
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34 |
# me, are more comfortable with perl syntax. Once edited, run it to create the .yaml config file
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# mapSwitches.yaml - a state file which maintains information across executions. This allows us to track connections
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# which are not on all the time. Can be deleted at any time for a fresh start. Can be dumped into a
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# tab delimited text file (to STDOUT) with helper script mapSwitchesCSV.pl
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#
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# 20190407 RWR
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# 20190407 RWR
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# converted to use external config file in YAML format
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# converted to use external config file in YAML format
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# added the ability to ignore ports on the switches
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# added the ability to ignore ports on the switches
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# 20190514 RWR
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# 20190514 RWR
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# Added port aliases
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# Added port aliases
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# 20190526 RWR
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# 20190526 RWR
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# fixed mapSwitchCSV.pl to output in various delimited format (see README)
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# fixed mapSwitchCSV.pl to output in various delimited format (see README)
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# 20200107 RWR
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# 20200107 RWR v1.3
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# Fixed problem where alias MIB was not returning values
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48 |
# Fixed problem where alias MIB was not returning values
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# 20200228 RWR v1.4
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# added description MIB and field
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# 20200229 RWR v2.0.0
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# rewrite, with 80% of the code changed. Found serious flaws with the way the ports were being read and fixed them.
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# also set it up so it is a little more concise by combining redundant code into one routine, parseSNMPQuery, which
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# reads an snmp walk and returns the results as a hash
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use strict;
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use strict;
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use warnings;
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use warnings;
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use Data::Dumper; # only used for debugging
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use Data::Dumper; # only used for debugging
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use Socket; # for reverse dns entries
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use Socket; # for reverse dns entries
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use File::Spec; # find location of script so we can put storage in same directory
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use File::Spec; # find location of script so we can put storage in same directory
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use File::Basename;
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62 |
use File::Basename;
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63 |
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my $DEBUG = 0;
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my $DEBUG = 0;
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65 |
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# define the version number
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# see https://metacpan.org/pod/release/JPEACOCK/version-0.97/lib/version.pod
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use version;
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our $VERSION = '1.3';
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our $VERSION = version->declare("v2.0.0");
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# see https://perldoc.perl.org/Getopt/Long.html
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use Getopt::Long;
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# allow -vvn (ie, --verbose --verbose --dryrun)
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Getopt::Long::Configure ("bundling");
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my %config;
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my %config; # we read the configuration file into this
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# where the script is located
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# where the script is located
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my $scriptDir = dirname( File::Spec->rel2abs( __FILE__ ) );
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81 |
my $scriptDir = dirname( File::Spec->rel2abs( __FILE__ ) );
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# put the statefile in there
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82 |
# put the statefile in there
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my $STATEFILE = $scriptDir . '/mapSwitches.yaml';
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83 |
my $STATEFILE = $scriptDir . '/mapSwitches.yaml';
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my $CONFIGFILE = $scriptDir . '/mapSwitches.config.yaml';
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84 |
my $CONFIGFILE = $scriptDir . '/mapSwitches.config.yaml';
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# main hash that holds the data we collect
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85 |
# main hash that holds the data we collect
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my %switchports;
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86 |
my %switchports;
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# some OIDS we need for the program
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my $SWITCHPORTMIB = 'iso.3.6.1.2.1.17.4.3.1.2';
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my $SWITCHMACMIB = 'iso.3.6.1.2.1.17.4.3.1.1';
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my $SWITCHIFNAMEMIB = '1.3.6.1.2.1.31.1.1.1.18';
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my $ROUTERIPMACMIB = 'iso.3.6.1.2.1.4.22.1.2'; #'iso.3.6.1.2.1.3.1.1.2';
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my $DEVICENAMEMIB = '1.3.6.1.2.1.1.5';
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- |
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my $DEVICELOCMIB = '1.3.6.1.2.1.1.6';
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- |
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87 |
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# OID's to read the swtiches
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# NOTE: for the regular expressions to work, you must use iso. for the OID
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90 |
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#my $SWITCHPORTMIB = 'iso.3.6.1.2.1.17.4.3.1.2';
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92 |
my $SWITCHPORTMIB = 'iso.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.8';
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93 |
my $SWITCHMACMIB = 'iso.3.6.1.2.1.17.4.3.1.1'; # dot1dTpFdbAddress, aka mac addresses
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my $SWITCHIFALIASMIB = 'iso.3.6.1.2.1.31.1.1.1.18'; # ifAlias, the the 'alias' field
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my $SWITCHIFDESCMIB = 'iso.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.2'; # ifDescr, the "description" field
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my $BRIDGEPORTSMIB = 'iso.3.6.1.2.1.17.4.3.1.2';
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my $BRIDGE2PORTMIB = 'iso.3.6.1.2.1.17.1.4.1.2';
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# this is only for the router, to get IP of the device in question
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my $ROUTERIPMACMIB = 'iso.3.6.1.2.1.4.22.1.2'; # ipNetToMediaPhysAddress #'iso.3.6.1.2.1.3.1.1.2';
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# this should work for all devices
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my $DEVICENAMEMIB = 'iso.3.6.1.2.1.1.5'; # sysname
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my $DEVICELOCMIB = 'iso.3.6.1.2.1.1.6'; # syslocation
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103 |
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104 |
# take a dotted integer form of a mac and converts it to hex, all lower case
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sub makeMAC {
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105 |
sub makeMAC {
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my $string = shift;
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106 |
my $string = shift;
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my @octets = split( '\.', $string );
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107 |
my @octets = split( '\.', $string );
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for ( my $i = 0; $i < @octets; $i++ ) {
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108 |
for ( my $i = 0; $i < @octets; $i++ ) {
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$octets[$i] = sprintf( "%02x", $octets[$i] );
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109 |
$octets[$i] = sprintf( "%02x", $octets[$i] );
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}
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110 |
}
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return join( '', @octets );
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111 |
return join( '', @octets );
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}
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112 |
}
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113 |
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# simply updates a value. First parameter ($oldValue) is passed by reference so it can be directly accessed
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115 |
# returns 1 on success, 0 on failure
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sub updateValue {
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116 |
sub updateValue {
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my ( $oldValue, $newValue ) = @_;
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117 |
my ( $oldValue, $newValue ) = @_;
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$newValue = '' unless defined $newValue;
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118 |
$newValue = '' unless defined $newValue;
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if ( $newValue ) {
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119 |
if ( $newValue ) {
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$$oldValue = $newValue unless $newValue eq $$oldValue;
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120 |
$$oldValue = $newValue unless $newValue eq $$oldValue;
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return 1;
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121 |
return 1;
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}
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122 |
}
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return 0;
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123 |
return 0;
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}
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124 |
}
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125 |
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126 |
# grabs one single SNMP value from string. Assumes $OID returns only one line, then runs $regex against it.
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sub getOneSNMPValue {
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127 |
sub getOneSNMPValue {
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my ( $oid, $community, $ip, $regex ) = @_;
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128 |
my ( $oid, $community, $ip, $regex ) = @_;
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my $line = `snmpwalk -v1 -c $community $ip $oid`;
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129 |
my $line = `snmpwalk -v1 -c $community $ip $oid`;
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$line =~ m/$regex/i;
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130 |
$line =~ m/$regex/i;
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return $1;
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131 |
return $1;
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}
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132 |
}
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133 |
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134 |
# ensures a hash has $name with every value in @keys
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135 |
# call with &initialize( \%hash, 'somename', 'key1','key2');
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136 |
# will ensure $hash->{somename}->{key1} and $hash->{somename}->{key2} exist
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sub initialize {
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137 |
sub initialize {
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my ( $hash, $name, @keys ) = @_;
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138 |
my ( $hash, $name, @keys ) = @_;
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| 98 |
foreach my $key ( @keys ) {
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139 |
foreach my $key ( @keys ) {
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$hash->{$name}->{$key} = '' unless $hash->{$name}->{$key};
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140 |
$hash->{$name}->{$key} = '' unless $hash->{$name}->{$key};
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}
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141 |
}
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| 101 |
}
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142 |
}
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| 102 |
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143 |
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144 |
# updates the lastseen time on a mac address by searching through $switchports until it finds it. If it doesn't exist, will
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145 |
# add it.
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sub updateIP {
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146 |
sub updateIP {
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my ( $switchports, $ip, $mac ) = @_;
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147 |
my ( $switchports, $ip, $mac ) = @_;
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| 105 |
foreach my $switch ( keys %$switchports ) {
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148 |
foreach my $switch ( keys %$switchports ) {
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| 106 |
my $thisSwitch = $switchports->{$switch}->{'ports'};
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149 |
my $thisSwitch = $switchports->{$switch}->{'ports'};
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foreach my $port ( keys %$thisSwitch ) {
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150 |
foreach my $port ( keys %$thisSwitch ) {
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| 108 |
my $thisPort = $thisSwitch->{$port};
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151 |
my $thisPort = $thisSwitch->{$port};
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| 109 |
foreach my $connection ( keys %$thisPort ) {
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152 |
foreach my $connection ( keys %$thisPort ) {
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| 110 |
# skip the alias information on a port
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153 |
# skip the alias information on a port
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next if $connection eq 'alias';
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154 |
next if $connection eq 'alias' or $connection eq 'description';
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| 112 |
&initialize( $thisPort,$connection,'mac','ip','hostname','lastseen' );
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155 |
&initialize( $thisPort,$connection,'mac','ip','hostname','lastseen' );
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| 113 |
if ( $switchports->{$switch}->{'ports'}->{$port}->{$connection}->{'mac'} eq $mac ) {
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156 |
if ( $switchports->{$switch}->{'ports'}->{$port}->{$connection}->{'mac'} eq $mac ) {
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| 114 |
my $modified = &updateValue( \$switchports->{$switch}->{'ports'}->{$port}->{$connection}->{'ip'}, $ip );
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157 |
my $modified = &updateValue( \$switchports->{$switch}->{'ports'}->{$port}->{$connection}->{'ip'}, $ip );
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| 115 |
$modified |= &updateValue( \$switchports->{$switch}->{'ports'}->{$port}->{$connection}->{'hostname'},gethostbyaddr( inet_aton( $ip ), AF_INET ));
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158 |
$modified |= &updateValue( \$switchports->{$switch}->{'ports'}->{$port}->{$connection}->{'hostname'},gethostbyaddr( inet_aton( $ip ), AF_INET ));
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| 116 |
$switchports->{$switch}->{'ports'}->{$port}->{$connection}->{'lastseen'} = time() if $modified;
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159 |
$switchports->{$switch}->{'ports'}->{$port}->{$connection}->{'lastseen'} = time() if $modified;
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Line 162... |
| 119 |
} # for connection
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162 |
} # for connection
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| 120 |
} # for port
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163 |
} # for port
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| 121 |
} # for switch
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164 |
} # for switch
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| 122 |
} # updateIP
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165 |
} # updateIP
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| 123 |
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166 |
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| - |
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167 |
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| - |
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168 |
# runs an snmpwalk using $MIB, then for each line, splits it with a regex
|
| - |
|
169 |
# if order is set to 12, first value of regex is a key, else second value is the key
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| 124 |
sub getAliases {
|
170 |
sub parseSNMPQuery {
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| 125 |
my ($ip, $community, $MIB ) = @_;
|
171 |
my ($config, $switch, $MIB, $regex, $order) = @_;
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| 126 |
my %return;
|
172 |
$order = 12 unless $order;
|
| 127 |
# get the aliases
|
173 |
my $return = {};
|
| 128 |
my $values = `snmpwalk -v1 -c $community $ip $MIB`;
|
174 |
my $values = `snmpwalk -v1 -c $config{switches}{$switch}{'community'} $switch $MIB`;
|
| 129 |
my @aliases = split( "\n", $values );
|
175 |
foreach my $line ( split( "\n", $values ) ) {
|
| 130 |
chomp @aliases;
|
176 |
$line =~ m/$regex/;
|
| 131 |
foreach my $entry ( @aliases ) {
|
177 |
if ( $order == 12 ) {
|
| 132 |
if ( $entry =~ m/\.(\d+) = STRING: "?([^"]*)"?$/ ) {
|
178 |
$return->{$1} = $2;
|
| - |
|
179 |
} else {
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| 133 |
$return{$1} = $2;
|
180 |
$return->{$2} = $1;
|
| 134 |
}
|
181 |
}
|
| 135 |
}
|
182 |
}
|
| 136 |
return \%return;
|
183 |
return $return;
|
| 137 |
}
|
184 |
}
|
| 138 |
|
185 |
|
| - |
|
186 |
# simple display if --help is passed
|
| - |
|
187 |
sub help {
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| - |
|
188 |
use File::Basename;
|
| - |
|
189 |
print basename($0) . " $VERSION\n";
|
| - |
|
190 |
print <<END
|
| - |
|
191 |
$0 [options]
|
| - |
|
192 |
Options:
|
| - |
|
193 |
--debug - set debug level
|
| - |
|
194 |
--version - display version and exit
|
| - |
|
195 |
--help - This page
|
| - |
|
196 |
END
|
| - |
|
197 |
}
|
| - |
|
198 |
|
| 139 |
|
199 |
|
| - |
|
200 |
# handle any command line parameters that may have been passed in
|
| - |
|
201 |
my $version = 0; # just used to determine if we should display the version
|
| - |
|
202 |
my $help = 0; # also if we want help
|
| - |
|
203 |
GetOptions (
|
| - |
|
204 |
'debug|d=i' => \$DEBUG,
|
| - |
|
205 |
'help|h' => \$help,
|
| - |
|
206 |
'version|v' => \$version,
|
| - |
|
207 |
) or die "Error parsing command line\n";
|
| - |
|
208 |
|
| - |
|
209 |
|
| - |
|
210 |
if ( $help ) { &help() ; exit; }
|
| - |
|
211 |
if ( $version ) { use File::Basename; print basename($0) . " $VERSION\n"; exit; }
|
| - |
|
212 |
|
| - |
|
213 |
# Load configuration file, die if we could not find it
|
| 140 |
if ( -e $CONFIGFILE ) {
|
214 |
if ( -e $CONFIGFILE ) {
|
| 141 |
my $yaml = YAML::Tiny->read( $CONFIGFILE );
|
215 |
my $yaml = YAML::Tiny->read( $CONFIGFILE );
|
| 142 |
%config = %{ $yaml->[0] };
|
216 |
%config = %{ $yaml->[0] };
|
| 143 |
} else {
|
217 |
} else {
|
| 144 |
die "could not locate config file $CONFIGFILE\n";
|
218 |
die "could not locate config file $CONFIGFILE\n";
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Line 228... |
| 154 |
foreach my $switch ( keys %{$config{'switches'}} ) {
|
228 |
foreach my $switch ( keys %{$config{'switches'}} ) {
|
| 155 |
print "Working on $switch\n" if $DEBUG;
|
229 |
print "Working on $switch\n" if $DEBUG;
|
| 156 |
&initialize( \%switchports, $switch, 'name','location' );
|
230 |
&initialize( \%switchports, $switch, 'name','location' );
|
| 157 |
&updateValue(
|
231 |
&updateValue(
|
| 158 |
\$switchports{$switch}{'name'},
|
232 |
\$switchports{$switch}{'name'},
|
| 159 |
&getOneSNMPValue( $DEVICENAMEMIB,$config{'switches'}{$switch}{'community'},$switch, '= STRING: "?([^"]*)"?' )
|
233 |
&getOneSNMPValue( $DEVICENAMEMIB,$config{'switches'}{$switch}{'community'},$switch, qr/= STRING: "?([^"]*)"?/ )
|
| 160 |
);
|
234 |
);
|
| 161 |
|
235 |
|
| 162 |
&updateValue(
|
236 |
&updateValue(
|
| 163 |
\$switchports{$switch}{'location'},
|
237 |
\$switchports{$switch}{'location'},
|
| 164 |
&getOneSNMPValue( $DEVICELOCMIB,$config{'switches'}{$switch}{'community'},$switch, '= STRING: "?([^"]*)"?' )
|
238 |
&getOneSNMPValue( $DEVICELOCMIB,$config{'switches'}{$switch}{'community'},$switch, qr/= STRING: "?([^"]*)"?/ )
|
| 165 |
);
|
239 |
);
|
| - |
|
240 |
|
| - |
|
241 |
# get list of all active ports not in our ignore list
|
| - |
|
242 |
print "\tGetting Ports\n" if $DEBUG > 1;
|
| - |
|
243 |
my $ports = parseSNMPQuery( \%config, $switch, $SWITCHPORTMIB, qr/$SWITCHPORTMIB\.(\d{1,3})\s=\sINTEGER:\s+(\d+)/ );
|
| 166 |
# get the MAC addresses
|
244 |
#die Dumper( $ports );
|
| - |
|
245 |
print "\tGetting Aliases\n" if $DEBUG > 1;
|
| 167 |
my $values = `snmpwalk -v1 -c $config{switches}{$switch}{'community'} $switch $SWITCHPORTMIB`;
|
246 |
my $aliases = parseSNMPQuery( \%config, $switch, $SWITCHIFALIASMIB, qr/\.(\d+) = STRING: "?([^\"]*)\"?$/ );
|
| 168 |
my @lines = split( "\n", $values );
|
247 |
#die Dumper( $aliases );
|
| - |
|
248 |
print "\tGetting Descriptions\n" if $DEBUG > 1;
|
| 169 |
my $aliases = getAliases ( $switch, $config{switches}{$switch}{'community'}, $SWITCHIFNAMEMIB );
|
249 |
my $descriptions = parseSNMPQuery( \%config, $switch, $SWITCHIFDESCMIB, qr/\.(\d+) = STRING: "?([^\"]*)"?$/ );
|
| - |
|
250 |
#die Dumper( $descriptions );
|
| 170 |
|
251 |
|
| 171 |
foreach my $line ( @lines ) {
|
252 |
foreach my $port ( keys %$ports ) {
|
| 172 |
$line =~ m/$SWITCHPORTMIB\.([0-9.]+)\s=\sINTEGER:\s+(\d+)/;
|
253 |
if ( $ports->{$port} == 1 ) { # only work with ports that are active
|
| - |
|
254 |
next if $config{'switches'}{$switch}{'portsToIgnore'} && grep( /^$port$/, @{$config{'switches'}{$switch}{'portsToIgnore'}} );
|
| 173 |
my $uuid = $1; # this is the ID string of this MAC; normally the MAC itself in decimal form
|
255 |
$switchports{$switch}{'ports'}{$port}{'alias'} = $aliases->{$port} ? $aliases->{$port} : '';
|
| - |
|
256 |
$switchports{$switch}{'ports'}{$port}{'description'} = $descriptions->{$port} ? $descriptions->{$port} : '';
|
| - |
|
257 |
}
|
| - |
|
258 |
}
|
| - |
|
259 |
# die Dumper( \%switchports );
|
| - |
|
260 |
|
| - |
|
261 |
# now, get the MAC addresses. See https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/docs/ip/simple-network-management-protocol-snmp/44800-mactoport44800.html
|
| - |
|
262 |
print "\tFinding Mac Addresses\n" if $DEBUG > 1;
|
| - |
|
263 |
my $macs = parseSNMPQuery( \%config, $switch, $SWITCHMACMIB, qr/$SWITCHMACMIB\.([0-9.]+)\s=\sHex-STRING:\s+([0-9a-z ]+)$/i );
|
| - |
|
264 |
#die Dumper( $macs );
|
| 174 |
my $port = $2; # this is the port number
|
265 |
# find which bridges they are on
|
| 175 |
next unless $port; # skip port 0, or any port which has nothing
|
266 |
print "\t\tFinding what bridges the MAC's are on\n" if $DEBUG > 2;
|
| 176 |
next if $config{'switches'}{$switch}{'portsToIgnore'} && grep( /^$port$/, @{$config{'switches'}{$switch}{'portsToIgnore'}} );
|
267 |
my $macBridges = parseSNMPQuery( \%config, $switch, $BRIDGEPORTSMIB, qr/$BRIDGEPORTSMIB\.([0-9.]+)\s=\sINTEGER:\s+(\d+)/ );
|
| - |
|
268 |
#die Dumper( $macBridges );
|
| 177 |
$switchports{$switch}{'ports'}{$port}{$uuid}{'mac'} = &makeMAC( $1 );
|
269 |
print "\t\tFinding what ports the ports are\n" if $DEBUG > 2;
|
| - |
|
270 |
my $bridgeToPort = parseSNMPQuery( \%config, $switch, $BRIDGE2PORTMIB, qr/$BRIDGE2PORTMIB\.([0-9.]+)\s=\sINTEGER:\s+(\d+)/ );
|
| - |
|
271 |
#die Dumper( $bridgeToPort );
|
| - |
|
272 |
foreach my $mac ( keys %$macs ) {
|
| 178 |
$switchports{$switch}{'ports'}{$port}{'alias'} = $aliases->{$port} ? $aliases->{$port} : '';
|
273 |
$switchports{$switch}{'ports'}{$bridgeToPort->{$macBridges->{$mac}}}{$mac}{'mac'} = &makeMAC($mac);
|
| 179 |
}
|
274 |
}
|
| 180 |
}
|
275 |
}
|
| 181 |
|
276 |
|
| 182 |
# die Dumper( \%switchports );
|
277 |
#die Dumper( \%switchports );
|
| 183 |
|
278 |
|
| 184 |
|
279 |
|
| 185 |
# Now, try to match up the MAC address. Read the ARP table from the router(s)
|
280 |
# Now, try to match up the MAC address. Read the ARP table from the router(s)
|
| 186 |
foreach my $router ( keys %{$config{'routers'}} ) {
|
281 |
foreach my $router ( keys %{$config{'routers'}} ) {
|
| - |
|
282 |
print "Working on $router\n" if $DEBUG;
|
| 187 |
my $values = `snmpwalk -v1 -c $config{routers}{$router}{community} $router $ROUTERIPMACMIB`;
|
283 |
my $values = `snmpwalk -v1 -c $config{routers}{$router}{community} $router $ROUTERIPMACMIB`;
|
| 188 |
my @lines = split( "\n", $values );
|
284 |
my @lines = split( "\n", $values );
|
| 189 |
foreach my $line ( @lines ) {
|
285 |
foreach my $line ( @lines ) {
|
| 190 |
$line =~ m/$ROUTERIPMACMIB\.([0-9]+)\.([0-9.]+)\s=\sHex-STRING:\s([0-9a-z ]+)/i;
|
286 |
$line =~ m/$ROUTERIPMACMIB\.([0-9]+)\.([0-9.]+)\s=\sHex-STRING:\s([0-9a-z ]+)/i;
|
| 191 |
my $interface = $1;
|
287 |
my $interface = $1;
|